NAME
xm_menu - xmap8 program
SYNOPSIS
xm_menu - Menu Documentation for Xmap8
DESCRIPTION
Following is a list of all menu items in xmap8 with a brief
description of the usage and possible pitfalls.
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File
Quit Window
This is used to quit a window or the program.
Restore Size
Will restore a view to original target area (full zoom
out)
Zoom out
reverts back one zoom level
Zoom in
zooms in one level
Screen Bound
this button will snap a figure back to fit the screen
if it has popped out, or patially out, of view.
Aspect 1-1
changes window size so that dx=dy (one-one aspect
ratio)
Postscript
dumps out a postscript file
PWD dumps out a list of the local directory
change dir
changes the current working directory
Quit quit program
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REFRESH
this is a button that simply re-draws the figure
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Sources
* Plot Sources
Toggles the plotting of 1-st source file
* Color-Depths
plots the source with respect to depth with color Use
the MaxDepth option in the Special menu to change the
scale length. Events below MaxDep are not plotted.
Source Size
changes the size of the plotted events. Sources, by
default, now plot according to their magnitude. See the
scale in the corner. If you change the source size
under the SOURCES menu, you simply increase/decrease
the minimum source size plotted (min=Magnitude <=1).
If the linear scale option is chosen (see below), you
will have to input a slope parameter if you change the
minimum source size. The slope is currently entered in
the main command window.
Fancy Plot
make sources filled in instead of see-through.
Mag Scale
toggle using the magnitude to scale the source size.
The minimum source size is controlled by the parameter
Source Size mentioned above. (see Mag Options below)
Mag Options
toggle using the magnitude to scale the source size.
The minimum source size is controlled by the parameter
Source Size mentioned above. You have a choice of con-
stant, exponential and linear scales.
Save Source
all the events selected in the last selection using the
left mouse drag will be stored in a file determined by
the environment variable XMA_SPE_SRC. This is a way to
store special events that need to be plotted on various
different displays. In a companion program called
newsig, digital seismic data that is read in automati-
cally stores the event locations in the file named by
XMA_SPE_SRC so that xmap and newsig can communicate
with each other. If you hit the <s> accelerator button
you will see all the events stored in the XMA_SPE_SRC
file.
Append Source
same as "Save Source" but it appends instead of over
writing the file
Save Extensions
Instead of saving the hypocenter information you can
save an extension from the end of the hypocenter card.
This allows you to access digital data stored on your
system by having the names of the files stored as
extensions.
SAVE FILE
Change the destination filepath for Save and Append
commands, i.e. do not use the ENV variable setting.
The SAVE_FILE may be changed any number of times. Each
time a new file is created: if an older file with the
same name is requested it is overwritten. Subsequent
calls to SAVE or APPEND direct output to this new file.
* Src Output
Toggles the way the sources are printed when selected
by the left button. Normal: The output created by the
left-mouse selection of events is in A-card format,
i.e. you may then cut/paste these into a file and res-
tart xmap8 with them only. The output has
time/lat/lon/magnitude and other information - in UW
format. Furthermore I also dump out an "origin file"
which (after cut/paste to a file) can be used in a
close-up (zoomed) session of xmap8. It is better to do
this than keep zooming in with the ZOOM feature which
creates many windows that are hard to manage. Connect:
Events from the first Source File are selected from
within the target, and they are connected to any
sequentially matched events in other Source Files.
Warning: Hypocenters are normally screened spatially to
limit the number stored in memory. Normally, hypo-
centers located outside of the window surrounding the
target are excluded. To force inclusion of all hypo-
centers into memory use the command line option "-
force_source" This will force all hypocenters to be
included (no spatial selection). This is important to
use when applying the "connect" option on the Source
menu. This option requires that the source files being
connected have 1-1 correspondence.
No Src Output: Printing to the screen is suppressed.
This is useful if you are making large selections to a
file and you do not want the screen to page through
them all.
Get More Sources
Gets a new file of source events.
* Plot More Sources
Toggles plots of all additional event files
* Connect Sources
connects the sources in sequence of input. Sources must
have the same number of events in each file. (Other-
wise there is no matching)
Layer-Source
Plot only those sources that fall within the displayed
layer in an image. This is useful for tomographic stu-
dies when you wish to see how seismicity is changing in
each layer of a model.
Time Sources
this is a (defunct) button related to the plotting of
time sequences
of sources.
Select Poly - select the events inside
Hypo Stats - provides basic statistics on
stored in the SAVE FILE, either the file specified by
the ENV variable XMA_SPE_SRC, or otherwise changed.
The stats are dumped to standard output. A wireframe
file of the best fitting plane to the hypocenters is
also created and can be accessed in file "hypo_plane"
via the "Get 3D-Body" menu item under special.
Select DataBase
Select and plot only those events that comply with the
Set Hypo selection rules
Reset DataBase
undo Select Database, i.e. plot all events.
Set Hypo
This is a database routine for selecting hypocenters
based on typical parameters, time, magnitude, gap, err,
etc....
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Stations
* Plot Stations
Toggles the plotting of stations
* Plot Station Names
Toggles the plotting of station names
Station Size
changes the size of the plotted station
Get Special Station
Plots the named station in different color (RED) for
finding a particular station in a complicated plot with
many stations.
Sel Stations
will dump out stations inside a target selection
Get Points
get a set of points from a point_file. See xm_points.
Plot Points
toggles plotting of xm_points.
Name Points
toggles plotting of xm_points names
Sel Points
will dump out points inside a target selection
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Map
Plot Map
Toggles the plotting of map
Plot Grid
Toggles the plotting of a grid defined in the Origin
file
Get Geo Map
reads in a new map defined in Lees format and plots in
color his new map overwrites the default map.
* Geo Table
Plots out geological information (legend) defined in
the Geo Map
Map Code
Set the code for plotting geological maps (e.g. a,
abcdi, abcdefghi, etc...) Map elements that do not
match the code string are excluded.
Sel Map
if geological type map is read in and left-mouse button
has been made, this item will select from the map data-
base all elements that intersect the target
Points Map
plot the points of a selected map object
Dump Map
Dumps out a copy of the selected map elements to output
file "dump_sel_map.out". This new map can be called in
on subsequent xmap8 calls.
Lines Only
toggle drawing the geological map with just lines.
This is useful if
the geological map is confusing.
Add Lines
Add black lines around colored polygons.
LAT LON
will plot tic-marks every degree in lat and lon. Good
for world and other large scale maps.
Outside Tics
plot tick marks on the outer edges of the plot.
Background Col
Cycle the background color of target region: grey,
black, white. If some objects are hard to see, such as
polygon drawing, this may be useful.
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Vectors/Wells
Plot Wells
puts wells on the map and cross section plots. Wells
are read in from an ASCII file. I have added a well
plotting subroutine. This is similar to the Map rou-
tines: select the <Plot Wells> under the SPECIAL
menu. type in the well-file name (wells.all on this
tape). Voila, the wells appear. Note that you should
select plot.well.names to see which are which. A
description of the format and the programs I used to
translate your files to my format are listed below.
Get Wells Gets a file of vectors for plotting.
Plot Well Names
toggles whether well names should be plotted. Project
Wells - projects the wells onto the horizontal map
plot. (wells are projected onto the cross sections
independently from this option).
Project Wells
plot the horizontal (surface) projections of 3D wells
Dump Wells
dumpout the wells to standard output
Project Dips
plot the horizontal (surface) projections of dipmeter
information
Plot Ellipses
toggles plotting of error ellipsoids
Get Ellipses
read in a new error ellipsoid file
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Focals
Plot/Get Focals
get a file with A and M cards (described below)
Sphere Size
minimum size for plotting a focal mechanism
Focal Style
one of several ways of plotting focal spheres, include
beach balls, beach balls with P-T axis, just P-T axes,
strike and dip projections, etc...Use (r,c,v,t) for
acceleration
* Explode Focals
if balls are heavily concentrated, they will overlap.
Can use this option to "explode" them so they do not
overlap. Use (e) for acceleration
* Magnitude Scale
toggle so that focal spheres are scaled by magnitude.
The overall scaling is determined by Sphere Size above.
Color
the default is to color the focal according to rake.
If this option is chosen, though, the focals will be
colored according to input file. For one file input,
this means all will have the same color. Each succes-
sive file will be colored a different shade.
Summary
All focal spheres within the most recent selection rec-
tangle are summarized in the output window and a small
figure showing the P and T axes projected on an equal
area net is printed in the lower left corner. This
plot is temporary and will disappear when the plot is
refreshed. Reselecting the option will redisplay the
plot.
SDR Dump out (stdout) last Focal mechanism selection (made
previously with shift-left dragging) but also print out
the Strike Dip Rake information. This appears on an
extra line below the normal focal plane information
(M-card) with the following character flag and floating
point format:
SDR: DDAZ STRIKE DIP RAKE
PS Summary
Provides a postscript plot of the P and T axes
plotted on the stereo-net described above.
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Contour
ContourField
read in a file of raw XYZ data in LAT-LON-Z for inter-
polation and contouring. The initial contour is done
with default settings, but these can be changed by
accessing the "Set Cont" button on the main panel.
Plot Contour
toggles whether to plot the contours or not (after they
have been calculated)
Raster
Dumps out a 2D raster file suitable for plotting in
xmap8 (-I file)
Dump Map
Dumps out a lees-map file suitable for plotting in
xmap8 (-M file)
Plot Points
plots the imported points used for contouring
Plot Values
plots the imported data values used for contouring
Palette
toggles the 2 image palettes for the contour plotting.
Set Cont
Pops up a panel for changing the contouring parameters.
See following for parameters description.
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Set Cont
These parameters control the handling of the surface fitting
program and the contouring. If you click SET in this box a
new contour plot is calculated with the new parameters.
Grid: grid dimensions of contour area (taken originally from
origin file)
Dx-Dy: number of grid points in X (DX) and Y (DY) direc-
tions to use in interpolation. Use this to get smoother or
courser contours.
Aspect Ratio - set to 1.
Limits - 0
Max_iterations - 250
Tension - 0
X - 1.4
Contour Levels: number of contour levels. If this is a file name, the
program will read in the contour levels from the file. Can use this to
fix the contours at nice levels.
Scale Factor: multiply each point in field by this value.
SET - re-do the interpolation and contouring with new parameters.
Cancel - do not re-calculate contours.
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Image
Increment Z
goes to the next layer down in the model
Decrement Z
goes to the next layer above in the model
Plot Image
toggles whether to plot the images (after they have
been read in)
Get Image
read in a new image file.
Skip Value
Change the value which is skipped in the image file
(missing values).
Z-Layer
Jump to a specific layer in the model
Top(layer 1)
Go Back to Layer 1
Palette
There are currently two available color palettes for
plotting images and contour plots. This menu item tog-
gles between these two.
Scale Lay/Glob
if selected this toggles between using a global scaling
versus using a separate scaling for each layer of the
model. This is useful when the image consists of dif-
ferent units in each layer.
Log/Lin scale
Toggle between Log or Linear color scales for the image
displayed.
User min-max
the User can input a set of minimum and maximum values
to use in scaling rather than the minimum and maximum
values from the data. Values outside these regions are
saturated into the bins of maximum value.
Reverse_Palette
Flip the palette to go from blue to red or vice versa.
New_Palette
Read in your own palette (not available yet).
Integrate
First, select a polygon using the NewPolygon (Special
menu) item and the control-left button click. Second,
select this option: you will need to insert the
minimum, maximum and a scaling factor (e.g. to convert
meters to km: use 0.001). Those raster values that
fall within these ranges inside the target are
highlighted and integrated (summed using raster pixel
size as dArea).
High_lite
After providing a min and max value, those values fal-
ling between these extremes are highlighted and
counted. Information is dumped to startup screen.
Wire Render
First select a target region. After selecting this
option the program queries for an upper and lower limit
for pseudo-rendering. This feature will isolate all
blocks within the limits and output a wire frame struc-
ture enclosing all blocks in the target region. Panels
shared by adjacent blocks are eliminated. The out put
is currently dumpped to two files that must be conca-
tonated together. Use unix command:
cat dumpit_wire_frame_top dumpit_wire_frame > new_wireframe
This new wire frame structure, in file "new_wireframe"
can then be used immediately
in the current xmap8 session.
Use the "Get 3D-body" under Special to access the new wire frame
structure.
Image Info
Dumps out to startup screen information pertaining to the image read in.
Satellite
Toggles plotting of satellite image.
This image is read in on the command line at start up so the
colormap can be calculated and adjusted.
Shift Satellite
This will shift the satellite image in the plane to match it
with other map elements.
Get File
This is an experiment that is still in progress. Does nothing
at this point, but may crash the system.
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X-Secs
Max Depth
changes the maximum depth for scaling the color depth
and selecting events on the vertical cross sections.
HalfWidth
changes the swath used for selecting vertically pro-
jected earthquakes on the cross sections
* Plot X-Secs
toggles whether to plot the cross sections in plan view
on the map display.
SAVE X-Secs
save Cross section information to a file for later use
(file="SAVE_xsecs")
Load X-Secs
reads in a file of lat-lon pairs for pre-set cross sec-
tions. Cross sections can now be stored and read in
from a file. As you make a new cross section, the stan-
dard output reports on the lat-lon/lat-lon of your
cross-section. Just put these (via cut/paste) into a
file and read it in from the LOAD X-sects under the
SPECIAL menu. example:
36.113754 -117.877953 35.952969 -117.736397 0.0 0.00 10.00 1.00 1.00
lat lon lat lon dip top bot front back
Set X-Dip
Pops up a panel for changing the cross section parameters
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Special
Restore Size
restores from a Zooming session.
Postscript
dumps out the plot to a postscript file. To use this
option the postscript header is required (included).
Place the header file in a convenient directory and
type in at the UNIX prompt: % setenv PSHEAD <your-
directory>
NOTE: Most toggle switches also toggle the postscript
output file, i.e. if the names for stations, wells or
what ever are turned off/ they will appear in the
postscript output accordingly. I have added cross-
section postscript file creation. You can create any
number of postscript files as long as you call them by
different names. You may view a postscript file at any
time by running pageview from a separate command window
on the file you just created.
* BLACK/WHITE
toggles whether postscript output will be in color or
black and white.
Dump Colors
List out the current set of colors. These may be
changed by saving them in a file and modifying the
color palette.
Plot Targets
Toggles the plotting of target regions already
selected. Plotting target regions help remind one of
areas that have been considered in detail.
Erase Targets
Starts the target counter over so that previous targets
are lost.
New Polygon
reset the polygon so it has no points. Polygons can be
drawn by using the meta-Left-mouse clicking action.
(Hold down the meta or control-key and click with left
mouse. Polygons are currently not postscriptized,
however if you select "Replot Poly" the polygon is
dumped to stdout as lees-format map stroke which can be
read in again and plotted in postscript.
Spline
smooth the last polygon so it does not have sharp
corners. Values are dumped to screen and can be cut
and pasted for later use.
Replot Poly
Replots the last polygon selection
Replot Target
Replots the last target selection
Get 3D Body
get a wireframe object from a file (see below)
Plot 3D Body
toggle the plotting of the wireframe objects
Hoz Slab
Only WELLS located within the depth range provided are
plotted. This is a useful option for plotting selected
layers of Wells from 3D rasters of vectors
Spin Events
Pops up a new window for spinning earthquake hypo-
centers that are selected in a target.
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Misc
Create Label
Dialogue box for inserting label text. Use the m-n
keys to locate the the label and the arrow head.
AFTER you select label and insert the text and click OK
you need to hit first "m" then "n" (the help window
says this to remind you, also the little dialogue box
reminds you of this).
m sets the tail, and n the head, of the arrow. the
label is placed on the tail. After you place the tail
(the label) you can move the arrow with successive "n"
typings. However, if you hit "m" you must hit "n"
again to finilize the pointer.
Reset Label
Change the text of the current label
Save Labels
Puts all labels into a file for later use or editting.
Get Labels
Restores labels from a file previously stored by the
Save Labels command.
HELP I have added a simple help to remind you of a few
things during run time.
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---------------------------------------------------------------
Cross Section Menus
File
Delete cross section window
Refresh
Refreash the screen (replot).
Restore
Restore to original size (unzoom).
Postscript
Dump out a postscript file to the file provided. This
fiel may be viewed immediately.
Save Xsec
Geographic information regarding the cross section is
stored in file SAVE_one_xsec. This can then be read in
in the Map View window under the X-secs menu LOAD
Xsecs. When zooming this is very useful for saving
intermediate stages. Note that the SAVE file is over
written each time this is called.
Quit Quit Xmap8
Special
Dip Change dip for this cross section
Depth
Change max depth for cross section
STA-EL
Toggles where the stations are plotted At:
A) zero elevation (datum)
B) true elevation (above/below sealevel)
C) true elevation with mean elevation removed.
Label
See label plotting above
Postscript
See postscript above
Apparent Dip
Change the plotting of dip meter data from absolute to
apparent dip on the borehole.
Geology
Plot the geological features from filled objects in map
view projected onto the cross section.
SDR Dump out (stdout) last Focal mechanism selection (made
previously with shift-left dragging) but also print out
the Strike Dip Rake information. This appears on an
extra line below the normal focal plane information
(M-card) with the following character flag and floating
point format:
SDR: DDAZ STRIKE DIP RAKE
Sel Points
Dump out (stdout)all points that fall within the selection box.
This parallels a similar menu item in the Map View.
Distance
Dump out the diagonal distance, Dx and Dz in the selection box.
This can be used to measure distances in the cross section view.
Polygon
See Polygon above
Re-plot Polygon
See re-plot polygon above
Source
SAVE same as in mapview above
APPEND
same as in mapview above
POLY SRC
select events inside a drawn polygon
SAVE FILE
same as in mapview above
Contour Field
Above
Cut contour field and plot above the cross section
In model
Cut contour field and plot in depth within the cross
section. This option only makes sense if the contoured
field has the same units as the hypocenter depths.
Image
This function is still in development
Dump This function dumps out the cross section field line to
the screen.
Above
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SEE ALSO
xmap8
xm_color
xm_hypo
xm_map
xm_menu
xm_origin
xm_points
xm_raster
xm_station
xm_well
xm_wire
xm_xsec
xm_ellipse
REFERENCES see article by J. M. Lees: Lees, J. M. (1995) Xmap8: Three-dimensional GIS for geology and geophysics, Seismological Research Letters: 66, 33-37.
Prof. Jonathan M. Lees
Yale Geology Dept.
P.O. Box 208109
New Haven, CT 06520-8109
(203)432-6947
lees@love.geology.yale.edu